On the surface, Hollywood reeks of glitz, but a dark side lurks underneath. Hundreds of actors, musicians, writers, producers and directors made the ignominious list, including Lena Horne, Orson Welles, Charlie Chaplin, Lloyd Bridges, Burl Ives and Anne Revere. One of the ten, Edward Dmtryk, later chose to cooperate with authorities and identified 20 of his peers with possible communist ties.Īfter the fiasco, the Hollywood Ten, not including Dmtryk, and anyone else in the industry suspected of supporting communism were blacklisted and denied work. They claimed the investigation violated their civil rights however, their efforts backfired when they were held in contempt of Congress, fined and eventually jailed. Ten directors and screenwriters, known as the Hollywood Ten, chose to challenge the legality of HUAC’s actions.
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At least 40 people in the movie industry were called to testify.
In 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee ( HUAC), a House of Representatives group who investigated potential communist ties, decided to investigate communism in films.
The Golden Age of Hollywood was a period of great growth, experimentation and change in the industry that brought international prestige to Hollywood and its movie stars.ĭuring the Cold War, paranoia grew in Hollywood and the rest of the United States over communism. In the late 1970s, the sign was restored again and has been featured in countless movies, including Superman, Mighty Joe Young and The Day After Tomorrow. It was partially restored in 1949 and the last four letters removed. During the Great Depression, the sign deteriorated. The sign was supposed to last just one and a half years however, it became part of Hollywood’s culture and remained. Four thousand light bulbs illuminated the massive marquis. Each original letter was 30 feet wide and 43 feet tall and attached to telephone poles. The sign originally said, “Hollywoodland,” and was erected in 1923 by Los Angeles Times publisher and real estate developer Harry Chandler at a cost of $21,000. It was originally a clever electric billboard advertising an upscale suburban neighborhood in what is now the Hollywood Hills. The Hollywood sign is a must-see tourist attraction, although it didn’t start out that way. It also had warm, predictably sunny weather and diverse terrain perfect for movie backdrops. Hollywood was an ideal place to produce movies since filmmakers couldn’t be sued there for infringing on motion picture film patents held by Thomas Edison and his Motion Picture Patents Company. The first film made entirely in Hollywood was a short film in 1910 titled In Old California. The first film completed in Hollywood was 1908’s The Count of Monte Cristo, although production of the film began in Chicago. Whichever story is correct (if either), all three people played an important role in the famous city’s development. Whitley came up with the name while honeymooning in the area in 1886. According to one story, after Harvey and Daeida Wilcox learned there was an Ohio town called Hollywood, she named their ranch the same and the name stuck. At that time, Prospect Avenue became the now-famous Hollywood Boulevard.
Hollywood incorporated in 1903 and merged with Los Angeles in 1910. He also helped finance the building of a bank and was integral to bringing electricity to the area. Whitley opened the Hollywood Hotel-now the site of the Dolby theater, which hosts the annual Oscars ceremony-and developed Ocean View Tract, an upscale residential neighborhood.
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